Soccer Terminology, Part two

Submitted by siteadmin on Mon, 2004-04-05 20:44.

Pulse:
The blood pushed by left ventricle into the aorta causes throb. The reason of the changes of the throb is the flexibility of the vein. In the vein the flooding blood causes pressure and the volume changes pulsingly.


The characteristic of the pulse:




  1. Frequency: It can be prolific, and rare. At normal heart function (systole= contraction of the muscle of the heart), the number of the systole is equal with the number of pulse. The pulse activated by weak heart function does not reach the artery of periphery (artery at the wrist). (Diastole= the relaxation phase of the heart muscles)


  2. Rhythm of the pulse: It can be rhythmical, which means the time period between two pulses is the same, or it can be arrhythmic, which cause irregular pulse fluctuation in the pressure and volume.

Measuring the pulse is useful to get answer to the followings:




  • Does the circulation capacity of the player change due to the load of training? 


  • What kind and How intensive load can be adapted by the player? 


  • How effective the player’s respiratory system, reaching the state of rest after the load? 


  • What is the maximal pulse and respiratory capacity of the young players (supply) at the end of the age 17-18? (Up to this age the endurance capacity of the players can be developed by training.)

Sense of the pulse:
How to measure and count the pulse?
Two possibilities exist: At the wrist next to the Radii, on the artery Radii. 


 

With the weak pressure of the thumb, we count the pulse up to 10 seconds. After that the counted number has to be multiplied by 6. Now we get the pulse number refering to 1 minute. 

The second way to measure: With the weak pressure of the artery of the neck by the index and middle finger up to 10 seconds. Then we have to multiply again by 6 to get the number referring to 1 minute.


Four kind of pulse can be used during training.




  • pulse at the state of rest 


  • pulse at the state of load 


  • maximal pulse 


  • resignation pulse


Pulse at the state of rest:
It can be defined, which can be measured right after wake up. It is very stabile at healthy people. It can be prolific due to illness, overtraining, fatigue, so it warns the coach or the player that there is something wrong: to decrease the load of the training or omit the training. The pulse at the state of rest supposed to be between 60-75/min. (adult man) for woman a little bit higher (68-78/min). The pulse of the kids and youth is higher then the adult women. The pulse of the well trained adults is lower (40-60/min)


Pulse at the state of load:
It can be measured right after the load.


Maximal pulse:
Subtraction of the age of the player out of 220. It can measure after a short but very intensive load. It can be determined by scientific methods in relation to the different training period for the elite athletes. In our following section we will describe precisely how to define it. We have to mention here that to reach the maximal pulse is not allowed for older adults.


Resignation pulse:
It can be measured 10 minutes after the training. Due to rest, the pulse should decrease close to the rest value + 20. It can be also measured 3 minutes right after the load. In that case it has to be 30% lower then the pulse at the state of load. Long period of resignation is not good; it can be due to overtraining or illness. According to observations the resignation pulse is trusty at least due to many environmental circumstances. 


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